SD1H4H — Bitcoin (BTC/USD) Multi-TF Structure Backtest Original Model

Dukascopy 1-minute BID data, Jan 2022 → present · Bitcoin (BTC/USD) (BTCUSD)
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Regime Analysis

Corrected, ex-ante methodology. Every metric below is a TRAILING window (last 20 trading days / 480 1H bars / 120 4H bars) ending at each trade's own entry time, using only data that would actually have been known at that moment — no lookahead. Each trade is one data point (not each month), giving far more statistical power. Trades are split chronologically: the first 70% (train) is used only to pick a median threshold and a direction; the last 30% (test) is untouched until that frozen rule is checked against it. An earlier version of this page aggregated metrics over whole calendar months, which leaks future-within-the-month information into the metric — see the superseded section at the bottom for why that mattered.

Strategy A

1693 trades total — 1185 train / 508 test.

MetricSpearman ρ (all trades)p-valueSignificant?Train: filter vs. otherTest: filter vs. otherHeld up?
Trailing 20D Realized Volatility (log-return std)-0.0440.0746n.s.+0.16R vs +0.08R+0.13R vs -0.10Rheld up
Trailing 20D Avg ATR (% of price)-0.0300.2224n.s.+0.18R vs +0.06R+0.12R vs -0.03Rheld up
Trailing 20D Trend Efficiency Ratio (Kaufman ER)-0.0170.4903n.s.+0.15R vs +0.08R+0.21R vs -0.08Rheld up
Trailing 4H Structure Flips (last 120 bars)-0.0210.3803n.s.+0.32R vs -0.02R+0.39R vs -0.10Rheld up
Trailing 1H Structure Flips (last 480 bars)-0.0290.2316n.s.+0.16R vs +0.08R+0.15R vs +0.01Rheld up
Trailing 1H Extension from EMA50 (x ATR14, last 480 bars)-0.0650.0073p < 0.05+0.26R vs -0.05R+0.27R vs -0.33Rheld up
Trade-level regime scatter gridTrain vs test median-split comparison

Strategy B

1129 trades total — 790 train / 339 test.

MetricSpearman ρ (all trades)p-valueSignificant?Train: filter vs. otherTest: filter vs. otherHeld up?
Trailing 20D Realized Volatility (log-return std)-0.0120.6889n.s.+0.30R vs +0.12R-0.03R vs -0.08Rheld up
Trailing 20D Avg ATR (% of price)+0.0050.8559n.s.+0.31R vs +0.11R-0.03R vs -0.07Rheld up
Trailing 20D Trend Efficiency Ratio (Kaufman ER)+0.0030.9256n.s.+0.35R vs +0.07R-0.03R vs -0.06Rheld up
Trailing 4H Structure Flips (last 120 bars)+0.0090.7624n.s.+0.22R vs +0.19R-0.09R vs +0.07Rdid not hold up
Trailing 1H Structure Flips (last 480 bars)-0.0320.2930n.s.+0.29R vs +0.15R-0.10R vs +0.02Rdid not hold up
Trailing 1H Extension from EMA50 (x ATR14, last 480 bars)-0.0800.0074p < 0.05+0.50R vs -0.09R+0.08R vs -0.41Rheld up
Trade-level regime scatter gridTrain vs test median-split comparison
Bottom line: none of the six metrics tested reach statistical significance (p < 0.05) against individual trade outcomes for either strategy — correlations are all near zero (|ρ| < 0.1). Where a train/test split shows the same direction in both halves ('held up'), that is expected to happen by chance a meaningful fraction of the time when the underlying effect is this weak and six metrics are tested per strategy — it should not be read as a discovered filter. As of this data, none of these price/structure regime measures give an actionable, statistically defensible rule for skipping trades ahead of time.

Superseded: Original Monthly (Hindsight) Analysis

This section has a lookahead-bias flaw and is kept only for transparency — do not treat it as a trading rule. Each metric here was computed over the ENTIRE calendar month a trade closed in, including days after that trade. A month's full ATR% or trend-efficiency ratio isn't knowable until the month is over, so the strong-looking correlations below describe what characterized good/bad months in hindsight, not something that could have been acted on in real time. The corrected, trade-level, ex-ante version above supersedes this.

Strategy A

MetricSpearman ρp-valueSignificant?
Daily Realized Volatility (log-return std)+0.3010.0254p < 0.05
Avg Daily ATR (% of price)+0.2270.0953n.s.
Trend Efficiency Ratio (Kaufman ER, 0-1)+0.2260.0968n.s.
4H Structure Flips (BOS+CHoCH count)-0.2880.0331p < 0.05
1H Structure Flips (BOS+CHoCH count)+0.0550.6898n.s.
1H Extension from EMA50 (x ATR14)+0.3840.0038p < 0.05
Regime scatter gridGood vs bad months regime comparison

Strategy B

MetricSpearman ρp-valueSignificant?
Daily Realized Volatility (log-return std)+0.4450.0007p < 0.05
Avg Daily ATR (% of price)+0.3340.0127p < 0.05
Trend Efficiency Ratio (Kaufman ER, 0-1)+0.1130.4133n.s.
4H Structure Flips (BOS+CHoCH count)-0.1010.4625n.s.
1H Structure Flips (BOS+CHoCH count)+0.0160.9070n.s.
1H Extension from EMA50 (x ATR14)+0.6780.0000p < 0.05
Regime scatter gridGood vs bad months regime comparison